Menu
Open Access
Issue
Ann Toxicol Anal
Volume 23, Number 4, 2011
Page(s) 183 - 191
DOI https://doi.org/10.1051/ata/2011129
Published online 12 December 2011
  1. Ferreira MP, Willoughby D. Alcohol consumption: the good, the bad, and the indifferent. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2008; 33(1): 12–20. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. WHO Global Status Report on Alcohol, 2004. Document consulted on the website http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/global_status_report_2004_overview.pdf on 15 February 2011. [Google Scholar]
  3. Wurst FM, Metzger J. The ethanol conjugate ethyl glucuronide is a useful marker of recent alcohol consumption. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2002; 26(7): 1114–1119. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. US Department of Health and Human Services SAMHSA CSAT: The role of biomarkers in the treatment of alcohol use. Document consulted on the website http://kap.samhsa.gov/products/manuals/advisory/pdfs/0609_biomarkers.pdf on 10 December 2010. [Google Scholar]
  5. Jones AW. Evidence-based survey of the elimination rates of ethanol from blood with applications in forensic casework. Forensic Sci Int. 2010; 200(1-3): 1–20. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Yegles M, Labarthe A, Auwärter V, Hartwig S, Vater H, Wennig R, Pragst F. Comparison of ethylglucuronide and fatty acid ethyl ester concentrations in hair of alcoholics, social drinkers and teetotallers. Forensic Sci Int. 2004; 145(2-3): 167–173. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Jaakonmaki PI, Knox KL, Horning EC, Horning MG. The characterization by gas–liquid chromatography of ethyl β-D-glucuronic acid as a metabolite of ethanol in rat and man. Eur J Pharmacol. 1967; 1(1): 63–70. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Pawan GL. Metabolism of alcohol (ethanol) in man. Proc Nutr Soc. 1972; 31(2): 83–89. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Goll M, Schmitt G, Ganssmann B, Aderjan RE. Excretion profiles of ethyl glucuronide in human urine after internal dilution. J Anal Toxicol. 2002; 26(5): 262–266. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Wurst FM, Kempter C, Seidl S, Alt A. Ethyl glucuronide-a marker of alcohol consumption and a relapse marker with clinical and forensic implications. Alcohol Alcohol. 1999; 34(1): 71–77. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Nicholas PC, Kim D, Crews FT, Macdonald JM. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic determination of ethanol-induced formation of ethyl glucuronide in liver. Anal Biochem. 2006; 358(2): 185–191. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Krivankova L, Caslavska J, Malaskova H, Gebauer P, Thormann W. Analysis of ethyl glucuronide in human serum by capillary electrophoresis with sample self-stacking and indirect detection. J Chromatogr A. 2005; 1081(1): 2–8. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Novakova M, Krivankova L. Determination of ethyl glucuronide in human serum by hyphenation of capillary isotachophoresis and zone electrophoresis. Electrophoresis. 2008; 29(8): 1694–1700. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Freire IA, Barrera AM, Silva PC, Duque MJ, Gomez PF, Eijo PL. Microwave assisted extraction for the determination of ethyl glucuronide in urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Appl Toxicol. 2008; 28(6): 773–778. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Schmitt G, Droenner P, Skopp G, Aderjan R. Ethyl glucuronide concentration in serum of human volunteers, teetotalers, and suspected drinking drivers. J Forensic Sci. 1997; 42(6): 1099–1102. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Jurado C, Soriano T, Gimenez MP, Menendez M. Diagnosis of chronic alcohol consumption. Hair analysis for ethyl-glucuronide. Forensic Sci Int. 2004; 145(2-3): 161–166. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Stephanson N, Dahl H, Helander A, Beck O. Direct quantification of ethyl glucuronide in clinical urine samples by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Ther Drug Monit. 2002; 24(5): 645–651. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Bicker W, Lammerhofer M, Keller T, Schuhmacher R, Krska R, Lindner W. Validated method for the determination of the ethanol consumption markers ethyl glucuronide, ethyl phosphate, and ethyl sulfate in human urine by reversed-phase/weak anion exchange liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem. 2006; 78(16): 5884–5892. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Politi L, Morini L, Groppi A, Poloni V, Pozzi F, Polettini A. Direct determination of the ethanol metabolites ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate in urine by liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2005; 19(10): 1321–1331. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Shah R, Lacourse WR. An improved method to detect ethyl glucuronide in urine using reversed-phase liquid chromatography and pulsed electrochemical detection. Anal Chim Acta. 2006; 576(2): 239–245. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Zimmer H, Schmitt G, Aderjan R. Preliminary immunochemical test for the determination of ethyl glucuronide in serum and urine: comparison of screening method results with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol. 2002; 26(1): 11–16. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Bottcher M, Beck O, Helander A. Evaluation of a new immunoassay for urinary ethyl glucuronide testing. Alcohol Alcohol. 2008; 43(1): 46–48. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Schloegl H, Dresen S, Spaczynski K, Stoertzel M, Wurst FM, Weinmann W. Stability of ethylglucuronide in urine, post-mortem tissue and blood samples. Int J Legal Med. 2006; 120(2): 83–88. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Groupe de travail “ Accréditation ” de la Société Française de Toxicologie Analytique: Aide à la validation des méthodes en Toxicologie et Suivi Thérapeutique Pharmacologique. Ann Toxicol Anal. 2005; 17(3): 1–20. [Google Scholar]
  25. Document LAB GTA 04, Guide de validation des méthodes en biologie médicale. Document consulted on the website http://www.cofrac.fr/documentation/LAB-GTA-04 on 26 November 2010. [Google Scholar]
  26. Palmer RB. A review of the use of ethyl glucuronide as a marker for ethanol consumption in forensic and clinical medicine. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2009; 26(1): 18–27. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Janda I, Weinmann W, Kuehnle T, Lahode M, Alt A. Determination of ethyl glucuronide in human hair by SPE and LC-MS/MS. Forensic Sci Int. 2002; 128(1-2): 59–65. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Thierauf A, Halter CC, Rana S, Auwaerter V, Wohlfarth A, Wurst FM, Weinmann W. Urine tested positive for ethyl glucuronide after trace amounts of ethanol. Addiction. 2009; 104(12): 2007–2012. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Janda I, Alt A. Improvement of ethyl glucuronide determination in human urine and serum samples by solid-phase extraction. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 2001; 758(2): 229–234. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Favretto D, Nalesso A, Frison G, Viel G, Traldi P, Ferrara SD. A novel and an effective analytical approach for the LC-MS determination of ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate in urine. Int J Legal Med. 2010; 124(2): 161–164. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Beyer J, Vo TN, Gerostamoulos D, Drummer OH. Validated method for the determination of ethylglucuronide and ethylsulfate in human urine. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2011; 400(1): 189–196. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Halter CC, Dresen S, Auwaerter V, Wurst FM, Weinmann W. Kinetics in serum and urinary excretion of ethyl sulfate and ethyl glucuronide after medium dose ethanol intake. Int J Legal Med. 2008; 122(2): 123–128. [Google Scholar]
  33. Nishikawa M, Tsuchihashi H, Miki A, Katagi M, Schmitt G, Zimmer H, Keller T, Aderjan R. Determination of ethyl glucuronide, a minor metabolite of ethanol, in human serum by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1999; 726(1-2): 105–110. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Morini L, Politi L, Zucchella A, Polettini A. Ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulphate determination in serum by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chim Acta. 2007; 376(1-2): 213–219. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Jung B, Caslavska J, Thormann W. Determination of ethyl glucuronide in human serum by capillary zone electrophoresis and an immunoassay. J Sep Sci. 2009; 32(20): 3497–3506. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]